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Friday, March 29, 2013
Thursday, March 28, 2013
U.S. rapper Gucci Mane jailed for alleged assault
ATLANTA (Reuters) - Rapper Gucci Mane was jailed in Georgia on Wednesday for allegedly hitting a fan in the head with a champagne bottle at an Atlanta nightclub earlier this month.
Mane, whose real name is Radric Davis, turned himself in to authorities late on Tuesday, according to Fulton County Sheriff's Office records.
Mane, 33, faces an aggravated assault charge after causing a "severe laceration" to the man whom he hit with a champagne bottle on March 16, according to a police report. The fan had approached Mane and tried to strike up a conversation, police said. Mane left the nightclub before police arrived.
A magistrate judge denied bond for Mane at his first court appearance on Wednesday, sheriff's spokeswoman Tracy Flanagan said.
Mane did not enter a plea. His next hearing will be on April 10, Flanagan said.
Mane's attorney, Drew Findling, told Reuters he would appeal the denial of bond to a higher court. He said six witnesses interviewed by his office about what he described as a melee at the club did not pin blame on the rapper.
"None of them said Gucci had anything to do with it," Findling said.
The incident is the latest in a long string of legal troubles for the rapper, who has appeared in remixes with the Black Eyed Peas and Usher.
In 2001, Mane was arrested for cocaine possession and spent 90 days in jail. He served a six-month prison term in 2005 for assault, and in 2009 was imprisoned for a year for violating probation in that case.
A Georgia judge sentenced Mane to six months in jail in 2011 after he admitted to pushing a woman out of his car.
(Reporting by David Beasley; Editing by Colleen Jenkins, Bernadette Baum and Leslie Adler)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/rapper-gucci-mane-jailed-alleged-assault-bottle-142618639.html
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After weight-loss surgery, new gut bacteria keep obesity away
By Sharon Begley
NEW YORK (Reuters) - The logic behind weight-loss surgery seems simple: rearrange the digestive tract so the stomach can hold less food and the food bypasses part of the small intestine, allowing fewer of a meal's calories to be absorbed. Bye-bye, obesity.
A study of lab mice, published on Wednesday, begs to differ. It concludes that one of the most common and effective forms of bariatric surgery, called Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, melts away pounds not - or not only - by re-routing the digestive tract, as long thought, but by changing the bacteria in the gut.
Or, in non-scientific terms, the surgery somehow replaces fattening microbes with slimming ones.
If that occurs in people, too, then the same bacteria-changing legerdemain achieved by gastric bypass might be accomplished without putting obese patients under the knife in an expensive and risky operation.
"These elegant experiments show that you can mimic the action of surgery with something less invasive," said Dr. Francesco Rubino of Catholic University in Rome and a pioneer in gastric-bypass surgery. "For instance, you might transfer bacteria or even manipulate the diet" to encourage slimming bacteria and squelch fattening kinds, said Rubino, who was not involved in the study.
FATTENING BUGS, SLIMMING BUGS
For many obese patients, particularly those with type 2 diabetes, gastric bypass has succeeded where nothing else has. Severely obese patients routinely lose 65 to 75 percent of their excess weight and fat after the operation, studies show, and leave their diabetes behind.
Oddly, however, the diabetes remission often occurs before significant weight loss. That has made bypass surgeons and weight-loss experts suspect that Roux-en-Y changes not only anatomy but also metabolism or the endocrine system. In other words, the surgery does something besides re-plumb the gut.
That "something," according to previous studies, includes altering the mix of trillions of microbes in the digestive tract. Not only are the "gut microbiota" different in lean people and obese people, but the mix of microbes changes after an obese patient undergoes gastric bypass and becomes more like the microbiota in lean people.
Researchers did not know, however, whether the microbial change was the cause or the effect of post-bypass weight loss.
That is what the new study, by researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard University, set out to answer.
They first performed Roux-en-Y on obese mice. As expected, the animals quickly slimmed down, losing 29 percent of their weight and keeping it off, the researchers report in the journal Science Translational Medicine.
To make sure there was not something about the general experience of surgery, rather than gastric bypass specifically, that affected the animals, the scientists performed "sham" Roux-en-Y on other obese mice. In this procedure, the researchers made incisions as if they were going to do a gastric bypass, but instead connected everything up as nature had it.
The researchers then transferred gut microbiota from the Roux-en-Y mice to microbe-free obese mice. Result: the recipient mice lost weight and fat - no surgery required. Crucially, obese mice that received gut bugs from mice that had received sham Roux-en-Y, not the real thing, did not slim down.
It is the first experimental evidence that changes in the gut microbiota cause the weight loss after gastric bypass, and that the new, post-bypass mix of microbes can cause weight loss in animals that did not have surgery.
In particular, just a week after surgery the Roux-en-Y mice harbored relatively more of the same types of bacteria that become more abundant in people after gastric bypass and that lean people have naturally.
"The effects of gastric bypass are not just anatomical, as we thought," said Dr. Lee Kaplan, senior author of the study and associate professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School. "They're also physiological. Now we need to learn more about how the microbiota exert their effects."
Slimming bacteria work their magic in either of two ways, studies of gut microbiota show. They seem to raise metabolism, allowing people to burn off a 630-calorie chocolate chip muffin more easily.
They also extract fewer calories from the muffin in the first place. In contrast, fattening bacteria wrest every last calorie from food.
Transferring slimming bacteria into obese people might be one way to give them the benefits of weight-loss surgery without an operation. It might also be possible to devise a menu that encourages the proliferation of slimming bacteria and reduces the population of fattening bacteria.
Another new study found that figuring out whether you have slimming microbiota or fattening ones might be as easy as breathing.
In a study published on Tuesday in the online edition of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles report that people whose breath has high concentrations of both hydrogen and methane gases are more likely to have a higher body mass index and higher percentage of body fat.
Methane is associated with bacteria called Methanobrevibacter smithii, which in overabundance may cause weight gain by extracting calories from food super-efficiently, Cedars' Ruchi Mathur, who led the study, said: "It could allow a person to harvest more calories from their food."
The breath test could provide a warning that someone is at risk of obesity because he harbors fattening microbiota.
It could also validate what many overweight people have long suspected: if their slim friends eat two slices of bacon-cheeseburger pizza the 600 calories go through them like celery, but if the overweight person indulges then every calorie seems to turn into more fat. People absorb different quantities of calories from the exact same food, thanks to their gut microbiota.
(Reporting by Sharon Begley)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/weight-loss-surgery-gut-bacteria-keep-obesity-away-180108796.html
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Magnetic fingerprints of interface defects in silicon solar cells detected
Mar. 27, 2013 ? Using a highly sensitive method of measurement, HZB physicists have managed to localize defects in amorphous/crystalline silicon heterojunction solar cells. Now, for the first time ever, using computer simulations at Paderborn University, the scientists were able to determine the defects' exact locations and assign them to certain structures within the interface between the amorphous and crystalline phases.
In theory, silicon-based solar cells are capable of converting up to 30 percent of sunlight to electricity -- although, in reality, the different kinds of loss mechanisms ensure that even under ideal lab conditions it does not exceed 25 %. Advanced heterojunction cells shall affront this problem: On top of the wafer's surface, at temperatures below 200 ?C, a layer of 10 nanometer disordered (amorphous) silicon is deposited. This thin film is managing to saturate to a large extent the interface defects and to conduct charge carriers out of the cell. Heterojunction solar cells have already high efficiency factors up to 24,7 % -- even in industrial scale. However, scientists had until now only a rough understanding of the processes at the remaining interface defects.
Now, physicists at HZB's Institute for Silicon Photovoltaics have figured out a rather clever way for detecting the remaining defects and characterizing their electronic structure. "If electrons get deposited on these defects, we are able to use their spin, that is, their small magnetic moment, as a probe to study them," Dr. Alexander Schnegg explains. With the help of EDMR, electrically detected magnetic resonance, an ultrasensitive method of measurement, they were able to determine the local defects' structure by detecting their magnetic fingerprint in the photo current of the solar cell under a magnetic field and microwave radiation.
Theoretical physicists of Paderborn University could compare these results with quantum chemical computer simulations, thus obtaining information about the defects' positions within the layers and the processes they are involved to decrease the cells' efficiency. "We basically found two distinct families of defects," says Dr. Uwe Gerstmann from Paderborn University, who collaborates with the HZB Team in a program sponsored by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG priority program 1601). "Whereas in the first one, the defects are rather weakly localized within the amorphous layer, a second family of defects is found directly at the interface, but in the crystalline silicon."
For the first time ever the scientists have succeeded at directly detecting and characterizing processes with atomic resolution that compromise these solar cells' high efficiency. The cells were manufactured and measured at the HZB; the numerical methods were developed at Paderborn University. "We can now apply these findings to other types of solar cells in order to optimize them further and to decrease production costs," says Schnegg.
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by Helmholtz Association of German Research Centres.
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Journal Reference:
- B. M. George, J. Behrends, A. Schnegg, T. F. Schulze, M. Fehr, L. Korte, B. Rech, K. Lips, M. Rohrm?ller, E. Rauls, W. G. Schmidt, U. Gerstmann. Atomic Structure of Interface States in Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells. Physical Review Letters, 2013; 110 (13) DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.110.136803
Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
Disclaimer: Views expressed in this article do not necessarily reflect those of ScienceDaily or its staff.
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U.S. law to restrict government purchases of Chinese IT equipment
By Alina Selyukh and Doug Palmer
WASHINGTON (Reuters) - Congress quietly tucked in a new cyber-espionage review process for U.S. government technology purchases into the funding law signed this week by President Barack Obama, reflecting growing American concerns over Chinese cyber attacks.
The law prevents NASA, and the Justice and Commerce Departments from buying information technology systems unless federal law enforcement officials give their approval.
A provision in the 240-page spending law requires the agencies to make a formal assessment of "cyber-espionage or sabotage" risk in consultation with law enforcement authorities when considering buying information technology systems.
The assessment must include "any risk associated with such system being produced, manufactured or assembled by one or more entities that are owned, directed or subsidized" by China.
The United States imports about $129 billion worth of "advanced technology products" from China, according to a May 2012 report by the nonpartisan Congressional Research Service.
During a news conference on Thursday, Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Hong Lei urged the United States to abandon the law to help develop relations and trust on both sides.
"This bill uses Internet security as an excuse to take discriminatory steps against Chinese companies. It is not beneficial to mutual trust between China and the United States nor to the development of trade and economic relations," Hong said.
The amendment to the so-called "continuing resolution" to fund the government through September 30 originated in the Commerce, Justice and Science subcommittee of the House of Representatives, chaired by Virginia Republican Rep. Frank Wolf.
It had gotten little attention until a blog post this week by Stewart Baker, a partner in the Washington office of Steptoe & Johnson LLP and a former assistant secretary in the U.S. Department of Homeland Security.
Writing in the "Volokh Conspiracy", one of the country's most prominent legal blogs, Baker wrote on Monday that the measure "could turn out to be a harsh blow" for Chinese computer-maker Lenovo and also "bring some surprises for American companies selling commercial IT gear to the government."
Lenovo Group Ltd, which bought IBM Corp's PC unit in 2005 and is now on track to become the world's largest PC maker, said it was aware of the bill and reviewing the specific language.
"Depending on how the language is interpreted, it could in fact apply very broadly to many companies across the IT industry from all around the world," Lenovo said in an emailed statement.
"We are very confident and comfortable that we will continue to be very successful in growing our business in the U.S. even as we and all of our competitors navigate new regulations."
U.S. concern about Chinese cyber-attacks has mounted in recent months, with top officials, including President Barack Obama, vocally condemning the practice.
Obama raised the issue in a phone call with Chinese President Xi Jinping earlier this month, and told ABC News in an interview that some cyber-security threats are "absolutely" sponsored by governments.
"We've made it very clear to China and some other of the state actors that, you know, we expect them to follow international norms and abide by international rules," he said.
Xi said the United States and China should avoid making "groundless accusations" against each other about cyber-security and work together on the problem.
The exchange came after U.S. computer security company Mandiant said a secret Chinese military unit based in Shanghai was the most likely driving force behind a series of hacking attacks on the United States.
Last year, the House Intelligence Committee released a report urging U.S. telecommunication companies not to do business with Huawei Technologies Co Ltd and ZTE Corp because it said potential Chinese state influence on the companies posed a threat to U.S. security.
Both companies took issue with the report, which Huawei spokesman William Plummer called "baseless."
Plummer said in an email their reading of the bill is that it "does not apply to Huawei based on the description of covered entities."
ZTE officials declined to comment on the latest U.S. law, while Huawei officials were not available for comment.
Baker, a technology security lawyer, said he believed the language would live on in future appropriations bills and possibly get tougher over time.
"Once a provision ends up in the appropriations bill...it tends to stay there unless there's a good reason to take it out," Baker said. "We could easily see (the appropriation committees) tighten up some of the language in the future."
China could challenge the measure as a violation of World Trade Organization rules, but may have a tough time making that case because it is not a member of the WTO agreement setting international rules for government procurement.
The WTO agreement also contains a national security exemption that could be another U.S. line of defense against a possible Chinese challenge, Baker said.
It is possible other countries could raise objections because of the potential for the provision to prevent purchases of Lenovo computers manufactured in Germany or Huawei handsets designed in Britain, he said. But they may decide to tolerate it because of their own concerns about Chinese hacking, Baker said.
"The goal is not to hurt American and European companies that have operations in China," said a congressional aide who worked on the House bill where the wording originated. "It was really targeting entities that are directed by Beijing," said the aide, who asked not to be identified.
The federal government's purchases, which are funded by taxpayers' money, are often urged to give preference to vendors that offer the cheapest services.
The congressional aide said China may heavily subsidize some companies to present the U.S. market with a much lower price.
"It's a helpful reminder to look at the supply chain" of U.S. firms, the aide said. "The cheap option may be artificially lowered because potentially there are ulterior motives."
(Additional reporting by Lee Chyen Yee in HONG KONG and Ben Blanchard in BEIJING; Editing by Fred Barbash, Bernard Orr and Matt Driskill)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/u-law-restrict-government-purchases-chinese-equipment-083520519.html
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Newtown TV coverage, 'Girls' win Peabody Awards
ATHENS, Ga. (AP) ? A local TV station's coverage of the Connecticut school massacre, the HBO drama "Girls," and a public-service campaign about Good Morning America co-anchor Robin Roberts' medical battle were among 39 Peabody Award winners announced Wednesday.
Recipients of the 72nd annual Peabody Awards were announced by the University of Georgia's journalism school. They were chosen by the Peabody board as the best electronic media works of 2012.
Connecticut station WVIT-TV won an award for its "quick response and comprehensive coverage" of the December school shooting in Newtown, Conn.
Other winners for journalistic works included ABC News for its coverage of Superstorm Sandy. The network embedded a reporting team with a family in Breezy Point, N.Y., according to a description of the winning entries.
Documentaries receiving awards included "MLK: The Assassination Tapes," which aired on the Smithsonian Channel. The film was "painstakingly configured" from rare footage collected at the University of Memphis in 1968. It covers events leading up to the murder of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. and its aftermath.
"Game Change," an HBO film about Sarah Palin's rise to the national political spotlight, also won a Peabody.
International winners include "Rapido y Furioso," a Univision program examining the "Fast and Furious" federal law enforcement operation targeting gun trafficking in the U.S. and Mexico. From Canada, the documentary "Under Fire: Journalists in Combat" explored the mindset of war correspondents and the dangers of their occupation.
Entertainment winners included the FX series "Louie;" TNT's "Southland" police drama; and the ABC family drama "Switched at Birth."
The entries represent "an astonishing array of outstanding media accomplishment," said Horace Newcomb, director of the Peabody Awards.
"Our list of Peabody recipients for 2012 demonstrates the range of superb work," he said. "From local to national to international, from radio to television, broadcast to cable to web, the Peabody sets the goals for every type of media production. We'll continue to do this, no matter how the world of electronic media develops."
Some of this year's winner's highlighted relatively new forms of electronic story-telling, such as the New York Times' multi-media production "Snow Fall: The Avalanche at Tunnel Creek." The online site chronicles what happened to skiers and snowboarders who were caught in an avalanche.
The 39 Peabody Awards will be formally presented at a luncheon on May 20 in New York.
___
Online:
Peabody Awards: http://peabodyawards.com/
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/newtown-tv-coverage-girls-win-peabody-awards-155733292.html
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Michael S. Broder, Ph.D.: Discover Ingredients for a Fulfilling ...
Whether you are in a long-term relationship or you're looking for one, you've probably noticed something rather obvious: that not all of us are looking for the exact same things in love relationships. Most of us have unique priorities when it comes to what we value most in this as well as every major aspect of our lives. But certain ingredients that stand the test of time usually characterize the most fulfilling marriages and love relationships. So whether yours is in a difficult period right now, or you simply want to make a good relationship even better, remember the acronym TOUCH:
T stands for tenderness and talking. Tenderness can be expressed both physically and emotionally. Think of this as how you express kindness and caring toward one another. This sounds simple and quite obvious, but isn't always easy when you're in the middle of life's challenges. Communication is also a key. Talk about the issues that concern you; and make it a priority to resolve conflicts before they grow larger.
O is for openness and objectivity. Expressing your thoughts and feelings when they occur can increase intimacy and closeness. Allow yourself to be vulnerable at times. True intimacy is about letting your partner know about parts of you that are most difficult to share. During conflict, being objective can often save the day. It may be easier to stand with your own perspective, but the bigger challenge is taking a step back and looking at your problem almost as if you were a third party. Then, it's much easier to go into problem solving mode. When neither of you are willing or able to do this, you're likely to hit an impasse resulting in more accumulated "baggage" when there's a disagreement.
U is for understanding. This is also known as empathy -- not necessarily agreeing with what your partner is feeling, but knowing and understanding it. Asking questions and showing genuine compassion for what your partner needs can help you know what kind of comfort and support to offer each other.
C is for chemistry and comfort. Who knows how chemistry develops, but it's an ingredient that can lead to great sexual, sensual, emotional, intellectual and spiritual connection. While passion in your relationship is important, so is the ability to be together during the ordinary and mundane moments of daily life. So strive for a healthy mix of chemistry and comfort as one more way to keep your romance alive.
H stands for honesty. This is another prerequisite for intimacy. But be careful about being so brutally honest that your message is lost in anger. The goal here is never to build resentment, but trust!
So together, take an inventory of your relationship; and commit to adopting or reigniting these ingredients as a roadmap to fulfillment for both of you!
More specific tips for improving your relationship can be found in my new book, Stage Climbing: The Shortest Path to Your Highest Potential.
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Follow Michael S. Broder, Ph.D. on Twitter: www.twitter.com/DrMichaelBroder
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Wednesday, March 13, 2013
Kurdish rebels fighting Turkey release 8 captives
ANKARA, Turkey (AP) ? Kurdish rebels based in northern Iraq freed eight captured Turkish soldiers and officials on Wednesday as part of peace efforts between Turkey and the rebel group aimed at ending a decades-long conflict, a legislator said.
The rebels handed over six soldiers, a trainee local administrator and a police officer to a group of pro-Kurdish legislators and human rights activists who traveled to northern Iraq, where the rebels maintain bases, Adil Kurt, one of the lawmakers, told The Associated Press by telephone.
The group crossed into Turkey through Habur, the main border crossing with Iraq, where they were to be reunited with their families.
Five of the captives had been held by the rebels for more than a year, while three others were kidnapped in August. Some were abducted by the rebels who stopped cars in makeshift roadblocks in southeast Turkey, carried out identity checks and took state officials or soldiers hostage.
The rebel group, the Kurdistan Workers' Party, or PKK, has been fighting for self-rule in southeastern Turkey since 1984, often using bases in northern Iraq to stage hit-and-run attacks. The conflict has killed tens of thousands of people and the group is considered a terrorist organization by Turkey, the United States and the European Union.
Turkey's government announced late last year that its intelligence agency was talking to the rebels' jailed leader Abdullah Ocalan with the aim of persuading the group to disarm.
Turkish officials have not disclosed details of the talks but Ocalan reportedly outlined his peace proposal in a letter delivered to rebel commanders in northern Iraq. News reports and officials said under the plan, the rebels would declare a cease-fire this month and lay down arms and begin retreating from Turkey in the summer.
Under the proposal, Turkey would ensure that Kurdish rights are safeguarded in a new constitution and that local administrations are granted increased powers, according to media reports.
Turkish officials welcomed news of their release but renewed a call for the group to end its armed campaign.
"We are happy that our citizens who had been away from their country for so long, and from whom we had not received any news, are returning," the state-run Anadolu Agency quoted President Abdullah Gul as saying during a visit to Sweden.
"If the violence and guns stop, then it will be easier (for Turkey) to move from a security policy to one of reforms," Gul said.
The officials' and soldiers' release follows a call by Ocalan, which was relayed by Kurdish legislators who were allowed to visit him last month on his prison island off Istanbul, as part of the peace process.
"We are handing over these people in response to Mr. Ocalan's call and instructions from (the Kurdish rebels)," Bawer Dersim, a rebel commander said during the handover, according to private Dogan news agency video footage. "We hope that the release will contribute to the process for a democratic solution."
"We are calling on the Turkish people ... to seize on this meaningful effort by our leader and to give support to the process for peace and democracy," Dersim said.
The video showed the freed soldiers and officials, all clean-shaven and wearing similar checkered shirts and casual jackets, standing in a line, while the delegation from Turkey and the rebels sat behind a table and signed and exchanged papers.
None of the captives were tortured or ill-treated, according to Ozturk Turkdogan, the head of the Ankara-based Human Rights Association, who was part of the delegation that traveled to northern Iraq.
Kurt, the legislator, told reporters after crossing into Turkey that the rebels were still holding "a number" of other civilians, including two government-paid village guards, and said he had asked that they be released too.
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/kurdish-rebels-fighting-turkey-release-8-captives-094608050.html
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Tuesday, March 12, 2013
PFT: Cowboys back under cap after restructures
Getty ImagesThe flaws in the NFL?s handling of in-game concussions became a focal point following a 2011 game between the Chargers and Jets.? Former Chargers offensive lineman Kris Dielman was clearly knocked loopy, struggled to stand, was permitted to keep playing, and suffered a seizure on the flight back to San Diego after the game.
According to Brent Schrotenboer of USA Today, an independent NFL-NFLPA panel has cleared the Chargers? medical staff for their handling of the situation.
But the inquiry seemed to focus not on the failure to pull Dielman from the game but on the treatment and evaluation Dielman received after the game.
?In retrospect and after subsequently reviewing the video of the entire play in question, [athletic trainer James] Collins, [trainer Calvin] Wong, and Dr. [David] Chao thought it was clear that Mr. Dielman had suffered a significant head injury,? the report states.? ?However, while knowing this information on the field would have surely changed their sideline management during the game, they would not have changed the manner in which he was subsequently managed after the game nor on the plane ride back to San Diego.?
The report also states that Dielman declined to be interviewed, which strongly suggests that litigation is coming, eventually.
?Mr. Dielman?s care from the moment his concussion was diagnosed was appropriate and consistent with the standard of care,? the report explains.? ?The subsequent seizure, an extremely rare event, suffered by Mr. Dielman during the plane?s descent into San Diego could not have been foreseen nor prevented.?
The challenge for the NFL, the NFLPA, and its teams continues to be spotting concussions quickly and getting players who have suffered them off the field, ASAP.? Eventually, a player who has suffered a concussion and who has not been removed from play will suffer another concussion ? and the outcome could be far more serious than a seizure.
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Ultra-high-speed optical communications link sets new power efficiency record
Mar. 12, 2013 ? Ultrafast supercomputers that operate at speeds 100 times faster than current systems are now one step closer to reality. A team of IBM researchers working on a U.S. Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)-funded program have found a way to transmit massive amounts of data with unprecedentedly low power consumption.
The team will describe their prototype optical link, which shatters the previous power efficiency record at OFC/NFOEC 2013 next week.
Scientists predict that the supercomputers of the future -- so-called "exascale computers" -- will enable them to model the global climate, run molecular-level simulations of entire cells, design nanostructures, and more. "We envision machines reaching the exascale mark around 2020, but a great deal of research must be done to make this possible," says Jonathan E. Proesel, a research staff member at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center in Yorktown Heights, N.Y. To reach that mark, researchers must develop a way to quickly move massive amounts of data within the supercomputer while keeping power consumption in check.
By combining innovative circuits in IBM's 32-nanometer silicon-on-insulator complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (SOI CMOS) technology with advanced vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and photodetectors fabricated by Sumitomo Electric Device Innovations USA (formerly Emcore), Proesel and his colleagues created a power-efficient optical communication link operating at 25 gigabits per second using just 24 milliwatts of total wall-plug power, or 1 pJ/bit. "Compared to our previous work, we have increased the speed by 66 percent while cutting the power in half," Proesel says. "We're continuing the push for lower power and higher speed in optical communications. There will always be demand to move more data with less energy, and that's what we're working toward."
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The above story is reprinted from materials provided by The Optical Society.
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Note: If no author is given, the source is cited instead.
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Source: http://feeds.sciencedaily.com/~r/sciencedaily/top_news/top_science/~3/tFDr-iLulgg/130312134654.htm
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PFT: Bills cut Fitzpatrick ? they need a new QB
Getty ImagesThe Ryan Fitzpatrick era is over, and Buffalo needs a new quarterback.
The Bills have announced that they cut Ryan Fitzpatrick today, on the first day of the new league year.
Cutting Fitzpatrick isn?t a big surprise, considering that the Bills owed him a $3 million roster bonus if he was still on the team tomorrow, and that Bills G.M. Buddy Nix was surreptitiously taped talking about, among other things, his frustration that the quarterback was holding the team back.
The six-year, $59 million contract extension Fitzpatrick signed in October of 2011 turned out to be an expensive mistake ? and a reminder that sometimes in the NFL, ?six-year contracts? last less than a year and a half. If the Bills give this move a post-June 1 designation, Fitpatrick?s cap hit would be $3 million this year and $7 million in 2014.
Now the question is where the Bills will look for their next starting quarterback. This isn?t viewed as a great year to draft one, but the Bills may decide to spend their first-round draft pick on a passer they hope will be their franchise quarterback.
And the question for Fitzpatrick is whether any team wants him. If any team does, it will likely be as a backup ? and will definitely be for a lot less money than the Bills paid him.
Source: http://profootballtalk.nbcsports.com/2013/03/12/bills-cut-ryan-fitzpatrick/related/
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Monday, March 11, 2013
Research on the use of robots in the pediatric ward of an oncological hospital
![[ Back to EurekAlert! ]](http://www.eurekalert.org/images/back2e.gif){kind=small}
Public release date: 11-Mar-2013[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Ana Herrera
oic@uc3m.es
Carlos III University of Madrid
This press release is available in Spanish.
The MOnarCH project (Multi-Robot Cognitive Systems Operating in Hospitals), which involves researchers from approximately ten European companies and research centers, intends to introduce a set of robots that collaborate with medical personnel, relating with the children who are patients in the pediatric ward of the hospital of the Instituto Portugus de Oncologa de Lisboa (Portuguese Oncological Institute of Lisbon).
There are several cases that have shown that interacting with robots can be beneficial for certain patients. In the United Kingdom, for example, studies have explored the possibility of using social robots with autistic children. And in Japan, the robot known as Paro (which is shaped like a baby seal, with white fur and black eyes) has been successfully used to improve the state of mind of elderly people and to reduce stress among patients and their caregivers. In fact, it was used in some cases to treat the depression suffered by survivors of the earthquake and subsequent tsunami that devastated the northeast coast of Japan in March of 2011.
The objective of the MonarCH project is to further advance in this direction, making a significant qualitative leap forward. Rather than using a single robot, they will use several formats simultaneously. And instead of attending to a single patient, the fleet of robots will relate with all of the patients on the floor. "In addition, we intend to move forward in the development of robots that can carry on autonomously for long periods of time without the aid of their operators, which is something that at this point has not been achieved in such complex situations," comments the head of the project at UC3M, Miguel ngel Salichs, a full professor in the University's Systems Engineering and Automation Department.
The scientists in UC3M's Robotics Lab will be responsible for developing and programming all of the robots' behaviors that are related to interaction between robots and humans, whether it is with hospital personnel or with the children. "Some of these behaviors consist in establishing a conversation with users, providing information to the staff or even playing with the children, so the behaviors must be varied and they must allow the robots to adapt to the needs of each individual they are going to deal with," explains another Robotics Lab researcher, Vctor Gonzlez Pacheco.
Technological and social challenges
This project will entail both technological and social challenges, according to the researchers involved. From a sociological point of view, there are very few studies looking into relationships between humans and robots over the long term, which means that this project is the first that will help to understand the dynamics of the social interactions in situations where groups of robots cooperate with humans in work and hospital environments. Moreover, the project will serve to establish the first framework that will enable the establishment of a series of ethical considerations that must be taken into account in these situations.
Technologically speaking, MOnarCH presents a major challenge, because it takes these types of robots out of the laboratory and moves them into a real environment. Up until now, most of the research on social robotics has taken place in very controlled environments. "In this case," points out Professor Salichs, "the introduction of a group of autonomous social robots into surroundings with these characteristics is something new, and we hope that the project will help us to advance in the development of robots that are able to relate to people in complex situations and scenarios."
In order to achieve all of this, the researchers will have to work in various fields. In the first place, they will have to improve on the current perception techniques that are relevant to human-robot interaction. In addition, they will explore new interfaces for interacting with these machines and they will advance in the further development of those that are already in existence. They will also design, construct and program a series of robots that are capable of exhibiting social behaviors. Finally, they will develop a framework for the study and modeling of mixed human and robot societies, which will include a map of the different principles that must govern those societies, thus helping to establish the robots' rules of behavior.
The MOnarch project is part of the Seventh EU Framework Programme, which began just a few weeks ago, and which is projected to last for three years. This project will cost approximately 4.5 million euros, of which the EU will fund just over 3.3 million euros. A total of nine partners representing five different European countries are participating: Spain, with researchers from Universidad Carlos III of Madrid; Portugal, with scientists from the Instituto Superior Tcnico (Technical College), which heads the project, the hospital of the Instituto Portugus de Oncologa de Lisboa (Portuguese Oncological Institute of Lisbon), and the following companies: IDMind, Selftech and YDreams; Holland, with researchers from the University of Amsterdam; Sweden, with scientists from the University of Orebro; and Switzerland, with researchers from the Federal Engineering College of Lausanne.
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Public release date: 11-Mar-2013[ | E-mail |
Share ] Contact: Ana Herrera
oic@uc3m.es
Carlos III University of Madrid
This press release is available in Spanish.
The MOnarCH project (Multi-Robot Cognitive Systems Operating in Hospitals), which involves researchers from approximately ten European companies and research centers, intends to introduce a set of robots that collaborate with medical personnel, relating with the children who are patients in the pediatric ward of the hospital of the Instituto Portugus de Oncologa de Lisboa (Portuguese Oncological Institute of Lisbon).
There are several cases that have shown that interacting with robots can be beneficial for certain patients. In the United Kingdom, for example, studies have explored the possibility of using social robots with autistic children. And in Japan, the robot known as Paro (which is shaped like a baby seal, with white fur and black eyes) has been successfully used to improve the state of mind of elderly people and to reduce stress among patients and their caregivers. In fact, it was used in some cases to treat the depression suffered by survivors of the earthquake and subsequent tsunami that devastated the northeast coast of Japan in March of 2011.
The objective of the MonarCH project is to further advance in this direction, making a significant qualitative leap forward. Rather than using a single robot, they will use several formats simultaneously. And instead of attending to a single patient, the fleet of robots will relate with all of the patients on the floor. "In addition, we intend to move forward in the development of robots that can carry on autonomously for long periods of time without the aid of their operators, which is something that at this point has not been achieved in such complex situations," comments the head of the project at UC3M, Miguel ngel Salichs, a full professor in the University's Systems Engineering and Automation Department.
The scientists in UC3M's Robotics Lab will be responsible for developing and programming all of the robots' behaviors that are related to interaction between robots and humans, whether it is with hospital personnel or with the children. "Some of these behaviors consist in establishing a conversation with users, providing information to the staff or even playing with the children, so the behaviors must be varied and they must allow the robots to adapt to the needs of each individual they are going to deal with," explains another Robotics Lab researcher, Vctor Gonzlez Pacheco.
Technological and social challenges
This project will entail both technological and social challenges, according to the researchers involved. From a sociological point of view, there are very few studies looking into relationships between humans and robots over the long term, which means that this project is the first that will help to understand the dynamics of the social interactions in situations where groups of robots cooperate with humans in work and hospital environments. Moreover, the project will serve to establish the first framework that will enable the establishment of a series of ethical considerations that must be taken into account in these situations.
Technologically speaking, MOnarCH presents a major challenge, because it takes these types of robots out of the laboratory and moves them into a real environment. Up until now, most of the research on social robotics has taken place in very controlled environments. "In this case," points out Professor Salichs, "the introduction of a group of autonomous social robots into surroundings with these characteristics is something new, and we hope that the project will help us to advance in the development of robots that are able to relate to people in complex situations and scenarios."
In order to achieve all of this, the researchers will have to work in various fields. In the first place, they will have to improve on the current perception techniques that are relevant to human-robot interaction. In addition, they will explore new interfaces for interacting with these machines and they will advance in the further development of those that are already in existence. They will also design, construct and program a series of robots that are capable of exhibiting social behaviors. Finally, they will develop a framework for the study and modeling of mixed human and robot societies, which will include a map of the different principles that must govern those societies, thus helping to establish the robots' rules of behavior.
The MOnarch project is part of the Seventh EU Framework Programme, which began just a few weeks ago, and which is projected to last for three years. This project will cost approximately 4.5 million euros, of which the EU will fund just over 3.3 million euros. A total of nine partners representing five different European countries are participating: Spain, with researchers from Universidad Carlos III of Madrid; Portugal, with scientists from the Instituto Superior Tcnico (Technical College), which heads the project, the hospital of the Instituto Portugus de Oncologa de Lisboa (Portuguese Oncological Institute of Lisbon), and the following companies: IDMind, Selftech and YDreams; Holland, with researchers from the University of Amsterdam; Sweden, with scientists from the University of Orebro; and Switzerland, with researchers from the Federal Engineering College of Lausanne.
###
[ | E-mail | Share ] ?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2013-03/ciuo-rot031113.php
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CDC: Frogs with salmonella could still be in homes
CHICAGO (AP) ? They live underwater, eat bloodworms, and are promoted on pet websites. But African dwarf frogs can carry salmonella.
An outbreak tied to the frogs sickened nearly 400 people, mostly children, from 2008 to 2011.
Since these miniature amphibians can live up to 18 years, some linked to the outbreak may remain in U.S. home aquariums. That's according to government researchers in a Monday report from the journal Pediatrics.
Five outbreak-linked cases also occurred last year. No one died.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention advises washing hands after touching the frogs' aquarium water and says young children should not clean aquariums.
The California breeder linked to the outbreak briefly suspended distribution and cooperated with authorities.
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Pediatrics: http://www.pediatrics.org
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AP Medical Writer Lindsey Tanner can be reached at http://www.twitter.com/LindseyTanner
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/cdc-frogs-salmonella-could-still-homes-040733274.html
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Two years after Japan's nuclear meltdown, what happened to Fukushima's orphans?
In some cases, the government is providing special care. But other orphans are falling through bureaucratic cracks.
Red and white cranes stand by reactors of the tsunami-ravaged Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant in Fukushima Prefecture, northeastern Japan, Monday, March 11, 2013.
Kyodo News/AP
EnlargeWhen it comes to radiation exposure from the triple meltdown at Fukushima?s Daiichi nuclear power plant two years ago, the 91 boys and girls at the Fukushima Aiikuen orphanage are probably some of the most closely-watched kids in the prefecture.
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Their food is tested daily for contamination. Their living environment has been cleaned to remove as many lingering radionuclides as possible. Their time outside is strictly monitored. And their health is regularly checked.
?[In the general public] the level of awareness about these issues varies from family to family. Here, once we decide something is necessary, each child receives the same attention,? says Hisao Saito, who directs the sprawling wood-and-concrete facility perched on a hillside in southern Fukushima City, about 35 miles from the destroyed reactors.
In some cases, the prefectural government ? which is charged with overseeing Fukushima?s eight orphanages ? is providing this special care. In other cases, however, children at orphanages are falling through bureaucratic cracks and must rely on other sources for help reducing and tracking their exposure to radiation.?
The prefecture paid to clean up the grounds at six orphanages. At Aiikuen, concrete was power-hosed, trees were chopped down, and grass was scraped off hillsides to remove contaminants like radioactive cesium-137, which has a half-life of 30 years. This February the prefecture also supplied each Fukushima orphanage with a device for testing food and a staff member to operate it.
For these measures, Mr. Saito says he is grateful. But, he insists, ?It?s not enough ...?Government support comes slowly. The private sector is faster.?
He has relied on an outpouring of domestic and international aid for things like summer trips out of the prefecture, food with zero contamination, and detailed monitoring of radiation exposure.
'How were we supposed to judge our safety?'
At Iwaki Ikueisha, a different Fukushima orphanage located 21 miles from the damaged plant, problems with the official disaster response began immediately after an explosion sent radionuclides flying into the air on March 12, 2011.
?The evacuation zone was expanding, from 10 kilometers to 20 [6 miles to 12]. How were we supposed to judge our safety?? recalls Seiko Ichikawa, who at the time was assistant director of the facility caring for 23 children (today she is director).
The size of the evacuation zone was controversial ? the United States urged citizens living up to 50 miles from the plant to evacuate ? and many families in the neighborhood fled. The tsunami and earthquake that set off the nuclear disaster also wiped out infrastructure: food, gasoline, and other supplies were running low, and banks were closed. Water lines had broken, so Ms. Ichikawa and the other staff collected water from springs in the mountains.
But on March 14, a second explosion rocked Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant, and a city official came to warn remaining residents against drinking the spring water.
?At that point I called the prefecture [to request we be evacuated]. They said, ?You?re outside the official evacuation zone. If you want to leave, you can do so on your own,?? Ichikawa says.
The staff found several places willing to shelter the children but hesitated to leave without more gas and cash.
On March 15, residents within 19 miles of the plant were asked to stay inside. Ichikawa kept calling the disaster-swamped prefecture to ask for help. Finally on March 18, officials agreed to evacuate the children for two weeks ? because of the food shortages, not the radiation.
?I understand that a calm [government] response was impossible. Everyone was a disaster victim, everyone was panicked. But there was a group of small children living here, and I wanted the prefecture to make an independent decision based on that fact, regardless of numbers set by the national government," says Ichikawa.?
A representative of the prefecture?s child welfare office was not able to confirm the exact details of post-disaster events, but says that the prefecture?s policy was to follow evacuation instructions from the central government.
The other problem
As it turned out, winds carried a comparatively small amount of radioactive cesium to the city of Iwaki, where the facility is located, so long-term environmental contamination is less of a concern there than it is for Saito in Fukushima. On the other hand, fallout maps suggest that the children may have been exposed to short-lived iodine-131, which doctors say can cause cancer.
When it came time to screen the children for radiation-related health problems, however, Ichikawa says she ran into another problem. The prefectural government is providing free health screenings to all Fukushima children. In the case of some of the children she cares for, the notices for these exams never arrived.
That?s because many orphans in Japan actually have at least one living parent. Though they live away from home because of abuse, neglect, or other reasons, their official addresses remain unchanged. For this reason the health screening notices went to parents, some of whom didn?t pass them on to the orphanage.
?We get information on where each child lives from the municipal governments. If the municipalities don?t have the child?s [correct] address, it?s hard for us, within this system, to reach them. We want to contact the orphanages [directly] but that is something we still need to work on,? a press officer at the Fukushima Health Management Survey?s oversight center says.
Ichikawa says ultimately, she had the children screened through a nonprofit organization rather than through the prefecture. ?
At Fukushima Aiikuen, lowering radiation exposure remains a daily concern.
The cleanup reduced radiation below the officially-targeted level of 0.23 microsieverts per hour on most concrete surfaces, but where runoff collects, hotspots more than 50 times that level remain. For that reason Saito has nearly eliminated outside playtime for toddlers and reduced it to two hours per day for elementary-aged children.
One 9-year-old girl who lives at the orphanage with two younger siblings says she worries about the contamination.
?I?m the big sister. I try to tell my little brother and sister not to touch anything when they are outside,? she says.
For his part, Saito is focused on the future. He devoted the past year to working with Fukushima?s other orphanages to develop a disaster response plan in case the still-unstable reactors release radiation again. He has also carefully recorded exposure levels and health data in a file for each child.
?These kids will have no one to support them when they leave here,? he says. ?I hope they never need this data, but I think it?s likely that lawsuits will happen down the line. If they develop cancer, and someone says, ?How can you prove what caused it?? they?ll be able to come to the orphanage and get this file. We have a responsibility to do this.??
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Kenyan church moves past painful election history
NAIROBI, Kenya (AP) ? The Rev. Joshua Kimuyu pointed where his church floor is broken and black, a scar from an attack five years old. More than 200 young men armed with crude weapons stormed the Africa Inland Church in Nairobi's sprawling Kibera slum and set a generator on fire.
The explosion tore through the roof, creating one of the most visible scenes of postelection violence after Kenya's disputed election of 2007.
The dark spot is a constant reminder of the church's vulnerability during national elections. But for Kimuyu there was no question of keeping its doors shut this Sunday, the day after Kenya's election commission announced the winner of the East African country's fiercely contested presidential election. This time, Kimuyu said, there was nothing to fear after the two leading candidates ?winner Uhuru Kenyatta and loser Raila Odinga ?pleaded for calm and unity.
"When presidential candidates spoke to the media, they kind of fueled the steam in the people," he said, looking back on the disputed election of 2007, when more than 1,000 people died in tribe-on-tribe violence. But this time, although the election was hotly contested and close, the candidates urged Kenyans to respect authority, and that appears to have made a difference, said Kimuyu.
Sunday was a day of peace in Kenya. No violence was reported. Only the most minor of disturbances were reported late Saturday in the hours after Kenyatta was named the winner.
Odinga, who called the election "tainted," vowed to press a case of election irregularities with the Supreme Court. But he asked that Kenyans love one another and remain at peace.
The election commission said Kenyatta, the son of Kenya's founding father, won last Monday's vote with 50.07 percent of ballots. Kenyatta stands accused by the International Criminal Court of helping direct some of the 2007-08 postelection violence in which tribes attacked each other with machetes and bows and arrows and the police shot protesters.
Five years ago, President Mwai Kibaki was hurriedly sworn in for a second term, even as Odinga said the election had been stolen. His supporters took to the streets.
At the time, the Africa Inland Church was targeted because it was believed to be patronized by the Kamba tribesmen of Vice President Kalonzo Musyoka, whose willingness to serve in Kibaki's government was seen as a betrayal by the opposition.
In the wake of the 2007-08 violence Kenyans passed a new constitution. That document says that President-elect Kenyatta cannot be sworn in before the court rules on the petition Odinga says he will file. If the court rules that Kenyatta did not cross the 50 percent mark, then Kenyans will vote in a run-off election between the top two finishers.
For Kimuyu this is tremendous progress from five years ago, when Odinga called for mass action.
"I think this is one of the things that have changed since the last election," Kimuyu said. "Odinga is an advocate of the new constitution."
In the run-up to this election, clerics and activists held rallies that preached peace and unity no matter the election result. That investment seems to have paid off, with some of the most hardened Odinga supporters saying he should concede for the sake of the country.
In the Kibera slum, an Odinga stronghold that saw some of the worst violence after the 2007 election, residents went about their business on Sunday morning. Stalls were open, and some young men even seemed more animated by European football than by the outcome of the election. In Kimuyu's church a choir sang as he got ready to deliver a sermon that he said would focus on what it means to be a responsible, lawful citizen.
"We never talk politics here," said Ericson Munyao, a long-time member of the church who was among the first to witness the 2008 attack. "We just tell them to vote wisely, not who to vote for. We simply preach peace."
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/kenyan-church-moves-past-painful-election-history-144055675.html
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Wrongly imprisoned man wins $13.2 million in civil rights suit
Marvin Fong / The Plain Dealer
David Ayers, center, walks out of the Justice Center as a free man, Monday, Sept. 12, 2011. Ayers, who was serving time for murder, had his charges dropped because of DNA testing that did not trace back to him. Carrie Wood, from the Innocence Project, leads him outside.
By Gil Aegerter, Staff Writer, NBC News
A man who spent 11 years in prison on a murder conviction that was later reversed has won a $13.2 million award in a civil rights lawsuit against the city of Cleveland.
A federal jury found Friday that two Cleveland detectives fabricated or withheld evidence in the 2000 trial of David Ayers, the Cleveland Plain Dealer reported.
Ayers was convicted of aggravated murder in the Dec. 17, 1999, beating death of Dorothy Brown, a 76-year-old woman who lived in a high-rise run by the Cuyahoga Metropolitan Housing Authority. Ayers was a resident of the same complex and a security guard for the housing authority, according to court documents.
He was arrested in March 2000 and convicted late that year.
He maintained his innocence, and after the Ohio Innocence Project took up his case in 2008, Ayers got a state appeals court to order the trial judge to allow DNA testing of a single pubic hair found on Brown?s body ? the results of which showed the hair did not come from Ayers.
But while the hair was being tested, the 6th?U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals reversed his conviction (read the decision here in PDF), saying the trial judge improperly allowed testimony of a jailhouse informant who said Ayers confessed to killing the victim and stealing money from her.
Ayers was freed in 2011.
One detective settled with Ayers out of court. But in the civil rights trial, the Plain Dealer reported, Ayers? lawyers said two other detectives, Denise Kovach and Michael Cipo, had tried to frame Ayers because he was gay ? despite evidence that Brown had also been sexually assaulted.
According to The Associated Press:
Among the most serious allegations by Ayers against Kovach and Cipo were that the two detectives conspired with each other to fabricate a confession that he never made, coerced a friend of Ayers to lie by saying that Ayers had told him of the murder before Brown's body was discovered, and gave key information about the crime to Ayers' prison cellmate so he could later testify against Ayers about an admission he didn't make.
After the civil rights verdict, The Plain Dealer reported, the director of Cleveland's law office said the city was "considering our options."
As for Ayers, the newspaper quoted him as saying: "My goal is that it never happens to anyone else ever again."
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