NICOSIA, Cyprus ? Rauf Denktash, the former Turkish Cypriot leader whose determined pursuit of a separate state for his people and strong opposition to the divided island's reunification defined a political career spanning six decades, has died. He was 87.
Dr. Charles Canver, who treated Denktash for his heart condition, said he died late Friday of multiple organ failure at Near East University Hospital in the Turkish Cypriot north of Nicosia. He had been in poor health since suffering a stroke last May.
Denktash's death comes in the middle of yet another diplomatic drive to reunify Cyprus, which has been split along ethnic lines since 1974 when Turkey invaded the island in the aftermath of a short-lived coup by supporters of union with Greece.
Denktash had maintained the Turkish Cypriots needed a separate state to preserve peace and avoid a return to what he called massacres of Turkish Cypriots at the hands of the majority Greek Cypriots.
His dedication to the partitionist cause made him a hero to many Turkish Cypriots, just as Greek Cypriots saw him as their arch-villain ? the standard-bearer of all they opposed.
That image began to be molded in the late 1950s when Denktash helped found the Turkish Resistance Organization or TMT as a counterweight to EOKA, a Greek Cypriot group waging a guerrilla campaign against the island's then colonial ruler Britain to achieve union with Greece.
"Greek Cypriots saw him as the cynical adversary," said Cyprus University History Professor Petros Papapolyviou. "He was seen as the man who put the interests of Turkey above those of Cyprus."
Born in Paphos, Cyprus, on Jan. 24, 1924, the London-trained lawyer rose to prominence as a leading figure in the Turkish Cypriot community during the tumultuous period in the 1960s and 1970s when intercommunal conflict claimed hundreds of Cypriot lives.
He blocked efforts to reunite the island, claiming that unification would open the way for Greek Cypriot domination and raise the threat of renewed violence.
After the Turkish invasion, he was chosen as leader of what was then the self-declared Cyprus Turkish Federated State. He proclaimed the independence of the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (TRNC) in 1983, but the breakaway state failed to gain recognition from any other country other than Turkey, which maintains some 35,000 troops there.
"He was Mr. TRNC," said Eastern Mediterranean politics professor Erol Kaymak. "He was very much a man of is time ... you could rely on him to stick to the ethno-nationalist line that he believed in."
A series of United Nations-backed talks to end the island's division through the 1980s and 1990s went nowhere.
Most of these negotiations pitted Denktash against a familiar adversary ? Glafkos Clerides, who was Denktash's Greek Cypriot counterpart for much of his time in power.
Clerides, like Denktash, is a lawyer, and the two men knew each other from the 1950s when they locked horns in the courtroom with Denktash prosecuting EOKA fighters and Clerides defending them.
Their personal relationship was said to be cordial, even friendly ? the two men often cracked jokes as an icebreaker prior to hard bargaining in numerous rounds of peace talks.
But that friendship did not extend as far as the negotiating table, where they were unable to overcome their differences.
Clerides and the Greek Cypriots sought to reunify Cyprus as a single federated state, envisioning a power-sharing arrangement between Cypriots of Turkish and Greek origin.
But Denktash said Greek Cypriots abrogated any right for a renewed partnership under the island's 1960 constitution when they launched attacks on Turkish Cypriots.
Backed by Ankara and the powerful military establishment whose respect he commanded, Denktash argued for a two-state solution in defiance of international support for a federation.
Denktash's dominance of Turkish Cypriot politics was reflected in his victory in every presidential election between 1983 and 2000.
But in his later years, many Turkish Cypriots came to view his insistence on a separate state as an obstacle to a settlement that would lift them out of international economic and political isolation and usher them into the European Union that the internationally recognized Greek Cypriots were negotiating with the bloc.
Denktash's domestic opponents also accused him of bringing in settlers from Turkey who voted for him in exchange for promises of land that had previously belonged to Greek Cypriots.
As thousands of Turkish Cypriots took to the streets in 2003 in support of a settlement coupled with a realignment of Turkish government policy objectives on Cyprus, another round of U.N.-sponsored talks culminated in 2004 in a reunification plan that Greek Cypriots rejected and Turkish Cypriots endorsed in separate referendums.
Cyprus subsequently joined the EU but only the Greek Cypriots enjoy membership benefits. Nonetheless, Denktash was relieved at the plan's failure, said Kaymak.
Denktash left politics in 2005 after announcing that he would not seek re-election. But as a respected elder statesman, he continued to be a very vocal supporter of a two-state solution.
"Whatever mistake we committed, the result is a 23-year-old young, dynamic, small Republic which is absolutely necessary for the security and strategic location of Turkey," Denktash said in 2006.
"No one would like to see the Turkish soldiers to return to Anatolia as if they lost a war ... May God save this nation from seeing such a shame," he said.
Denktash was highly critical of his leftist successor Mehmet Ali Talat's handling of renewed peace talks that began in 2008 and have made limited progress since. Talat lost a presidential election in 2010 to Denktash protege Dervis Eroglu.
Denktash lost two of his sons, one during surgery and another in a car crash. His surviving son, Serdar, also entered politics and for a while served as prime minister. Denktash, who is survived by his wife Aydin, also had two daughters and 11 grandchildren.
A keen photographer, Denktash published several volumes of photographs, as well as books outlining his views on the Cyprus problem and possible solutions.
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